對于不夠署名條件,但對研究成果確有貢獻(xiàn)者,可以“致謝”的形式列出。“致謝”除了表達(dá)道義上的感激外,也是尊重他人貢獻(xiàn)的表示。
“致謝”中通常包括的主要內(nèi)容:
(1) 感謝任何個人或機(jī)構(gòu)在技術(shù)上的幫助,其中包括提供儀器、設(shè)備或相關(guān)實(shí)驗材料,協(xié)助實(shí)驗工作,提供有益的啟發(fā)、建議、指導(dǎo)、審閱,承擔(dān)某些輔助性工作,等等。
(2) 感謝外部的基金幫助,如資助、協(xié)議或獎學(xué)金等,通常需要附注基金資助的項目號、合同書編號等(但不宜列出具體的項目名稱和所得到經(jīng)費(fèi)的數(shù)額)。
表達(dá)“致謝”的注意事項:
(1) 致謝的內(nèi)容應(yīng)盡量具體、恰如其分
致謝的對象應(yīng)是對論文工作有直接和實(shí)質(zhì)性幫助、貢獻(xiàn)的人或機(jī)構(gòu),因此,致謝中應(yīng)盡量指出相應(yīng)對象的具體幫助與貢獻(xiàn)。例如: 應(yīng)該使用諸如“We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Steven Conley in preparing the photomicrographs.We also thank David Hill and Marilee Burrell for preparing the mouse antisera to WAF1.”的表達(dá),避免諸如“To acknowledge all of the people who have contributed to this paper…”的表述。
并且,致謝某人可能暗含著某人贊同論文的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論,如果被感謝的人并不同意論文的全部觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論,那么論文公開發(fā)表后被感謝的人和作者都會很尷尬。因此,如果是感謝一個思想、建議或解釋,就要盡量指明這些內(nèi)容,以免將被感謝的對象敏感而尷尬地置于為整篇論文承擔(dān)文責(zé)的境地。
為表示應(yīng)有的禮貌和尊重,投稿前應(yīng)請所有被感謝的對象閱讀論文的定稿(尤其要包括“致謝”部分),以獲得允許或默認(rèn)。
(2) 用詞要恰當(dāng)
要注意選用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~句來表達(dá)感謝之情,避免因疏忽而冒犯本應(yīng)接受感謝的個人或機(jī)構(gòu)。致謝的開始就用“We thank”,不要使用“We wish to thank”,“We would like to thank”,或“The authors wish to thank”等。尤其是“wish”一詞最好從致謝中消失。當(dāng)表達(dá)愿望時,“wish”是很好的詞,但如果說“I wish to thank Dr.R.Richman” 則是在浪費(fèi)單詞,并且也可能蘊(yùn)含著“I wish that I could thank Dr.R.Richman for his help but it was not all that great.”(我希望感謝R。Richman博士的幫助,但實(shí)際上這種幫助并不那么大)。因此,用“I thank Dr。R。Richman”顯得更簡明和真誠。
(3) 致謝的形式要遵從擬投稿期刊的習(xí)慣和相關(guān)規(guī)定
參閱擬投稿期刊的“作者須知”和該刊已發(fā)表論文的致謝部分,注意其致謝的表達(dá)形式和相關(guān)要求。通常情況下,無須將審稿人和期刊編輯列為致謝對象; 對于感謝有關(guān)基金資助的信息,國內(nèi)大部分科技期刊習(xí)慣將其作為論文首頁的腳注,國外期刊則多將其作為“致謝”的一部分。對于基金項目類別名稱的英文表達(dá),應(yīng)盡量通過查詢相關(guān)資助機(jī)構(gòu)的官方網(wǎng)站或文本獲取。此外,應(yīng)盡量避免在同一篇論文的致謝中列出3個以上的基金資助來源,以免給他人造成“拿錢不少,出活不多”的感覺。
英文“致謝”實(shí)例
例1: Acknowledgments W. M. and Z. Z. are supported by grant LM05110 from the National Library of Medicine. We thank Dr. Warren Gish for helpful conversations, Dr. Eugene Koonin for assistance with the samples, and Dr. Gregory Schuler for producing several of the figures.
例2: Acknowledgements The authors thank the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for supporting this work as part of C. D. PhD work. We also thank Harry Becker, Pierre Schiano and Richard Carlson for their constructive comments during the review process. We are grateful to John Watson for XRF analyses and to Nick Rogers and Fatima Mokadem for ICP-MS analyses. Thanks also go to Jason Harvey and Dan Croucher for their help in the field.
例3: Acknowledgments We thank Drs. D. Morgan and C. Sherr for baculoviruses, L. Connell-Crowley for purified proteins, Dr. J. Shero for Y190, and Dr. H. Piwnica-Worms for baculoviruses and antibodies to cyclin B. We also thank Drs. E. Harlow, S. van den Heuvel, M. Mendenhall, A. Noda, and M. Meyerson for gifts of plasmids and for sharing unpublished data. We thank Dr. R. Sager for providing cell lines and Drs. A. Pardee and J. Smith, in whose lab some of these experiments were performed. We thank B. Kuhlman, R. Richman, E. Swindell, and N. O'Leary for excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants AG-11085 (to S. J, E. and J. W. H.) and RO1-AG11066, (to J. Smith) by the Welch Foundation (to J. W. H.), and by an American Cancer Society junior faculty award (to J. W. H.).