[摘要] 埋藏式岔管國內(nèi)外基本按明管設(shè)計(jì),圍巖分擔(dān)內(nèi)水壓力僅作為一種安全儲(chǔ)備。西龍池抽水蓄能電站岔管PD值遠(yuǎn)超過國內(nèi)已建工程規(guī)模,在國內(nèi)首次采用考慮圍巖分擔(dān)內(nèi)水壓力設(shè)計(jì)。本文重點(diǎn)介紹西龍池岔管考慮圍巖分擔(dān)內(nèi)水壓力設(shè)計(jì)成果。首先通過三維有限元結(jié)構(gòu)分析,較系統(tǒng)研究岔管圍巖分擔(dān)內(nèi)水壓力的規(guī)律,并初步提出埋藏式岔管的設(shè)計(jì)原則;通過1:2.5比尺的現(xiàn)場結(jié)構(gòu)模型試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)最終確定埋藏式岔管設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)和驗(yàn)證有限元計(jì)算成果。

[關(guān)鍵詞]抽水蓄能電站   西龍池   內(nèi)加強(qiáng)月牙肋岔管  圍巖分擔(dān)內(nèi)水壓力設(shè)計(jì)

Design of Assuming Surrounding Rock to Share Internal Water Pressure for Escher-Wyss Wyepiece at Xilongchi Pumped Storage Power Station

WANG Zhiguo
(Beijing Hydropower Investigation Design & Research Institute,CHECC,Beijing 100024)

[Abstract]  Buried bifurcated pipes have been designed normally as exposed ones,in which,sharing internal water pressure with surrounding rock is taken as a safe reserve only.With a PD Value of far more than those in the existing domestic projects,this project adopts firstly the design assuming surrounding rock to share internal water pressure.This paper describes mainly the design results.In this paper,Law of sharing internal water pressure with surrounding rock is investigated systematically by means of 3D finite element structural analysis to give preliminary design principles for buried bifurcated pipes,and through the testing on a 1:2.5 site structure model,the design parameters are determined finally and the calculated results of EFM are demonstrated.

[Key words]  Xilongchi pumped storage power station, Escher-Wyss wyepiece,Design of assuming surrounding rock to share internal water pressure

西龍池抽水蓄能電站岔管PD值達(dá)3552.5m2,遠(yuǎn)超過國內(nèi)已建工程規(guī)模,在世界上也位于前列,如按傳統(tǒng)方法即明管設(shè)計(jì),管殼和肋板較厚,將會(huì)使岔管制造、安裝難度較大,為此考慮圍巖分擔(dān)內(nèi)水壓力設(shè)計(jì)。國內(nèi)外埋藏式岔管基本按明管設(shè)計(jì),圍巖分擔(dān)內(nèi)水壓力僅作為一種安全儲(chǔ)備。對于大PD岔管考慮圍巖分擔(dān)內(nèi)水壓力,減小鋼板厚度的意義不僅在于節(jié)約鋼材用量,更重要的是降低岔管制安難度。以往有些工程也不同程度地考慮圍巖分擔(dān)內(nèi)水壓力的潛力,如以禮河三級電站斜井式調(diào)壓井的分岔結(jié)構(gòu)、漁子溪一級電站三梁岔管等,這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)作法納入《水電站壓力鋼管設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范(試行)》(SD144-85),通過提高10%~30%允許應(yīng)力來間接地反映圍巖分擔(dān)內(nèi)水壓力的作用。在岔管的實(shí)際運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下,內(nèi)水壓力是通過變形協(xié)調(diào),實(shí)現(xiàn)圍巖與鋼岔管共同分擔(dān)的。通過對已建工程岔管的原型觀測資料分析發(fā)現(xiàn)岔管應(yīng)力并不高,證明圍巖分擔(dān)內(nèi)水壓力的作用是明顯的。關(guān)于岔管圍巖分擔(dān)內(nèi)水壓力設(shè)計(jì)國內(nèi)外尚處于探索階段,如何考慮圍巖分擔(dān)內(nèi)水壓力的作用,還沒有較成熟的方法。目前僅有日本的奧美濃電站的內(nèi)加強(qiáng)月牙肋岔管,進(jìn)行了圍巖分擔(dān)內(nèi)水壓力設(shè)計(jì)嘗試,由于是首次嘗試,缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn),設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)圍巖分擔(dān)率限制在15%以下[6],而原型觀測結(jié)果表明,圍巖分擔(dān)率遠(yuǎn)大于15%,圍巖分擔(dān)作用是相當(dāng)明顯的。
1西龍池岔管基本參數(shù)
西龍池工程為一等Ⅰ級工程,工程規(guī)模屬大(Ⅰ)型。岔管按Ⅰ級建筑物標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)。西龍池抽水蓄能電站鋼岔管位于2Z1-2和2Z1-3地層中,2Z1-2巖性為極薄層—薄層條帶狀、泥質(zhì)條帶狀灰?guī)r與中厚層—厚層泥質(zhì)柱狀灰?guī)r互層,2Z1-3巖性為極薄層—薄層條帶狀、泥質(zhì)條帶狀灰?guī)r與中厚層—厚層泥質(zhì)鮞狀灰?guī)r互層。巖石呈微風(fēng)化至新鮮狀態(tài),圍巖類別屬于Ⅲb類。圍巖裂隙較發(fā)育,主要有走向NE40~60°和NW300~320°兩組陡傾裂隙。巖石飽和抗壓強(qiáng)度為60~95MPa,水平、垂直變形模量分別為10 GPa和7Gpa,泊松比為0.28。岔管部位上覆巖體厚度260.0m,岔管采用對稱“Y”型內(nèi)加強(qiáng)月牙肋鋼岔管,主管直徑3.5m,支
管直徑2.5m。岔管設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)水壓力為10.15MPa。
2應(yīng)力控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
西龍池電站高壓岔管PD值達(dá)3552.5m2,通過結(jié)構(gòu)分析和工程類比,需采用80kgf/mm2級鋼板制造。80kgf/mm2級鋼材目前我國還沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn),且《水電站壓力鋼管設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》DL/T 5141-2001也沒明確規(guī)定80kgf/mm2級鋼材的設(shè)計(jì)強(qiáng)度?紤]到80kgf/mm2級鋼材將采用日本標(biāo)準(zhǔn),且岔管采用國際整體采購,并根據(jù)十三陵工程成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),岔管應(yīng)力控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按日本《水門鐵管技術(shù)基準(zhǔn)》。
對于內(nèi)加強(qiáng)月牙肋岔管,可分為管殼部位的膜應(yīng)力、局部膜應(yīng)力、峰值應(yīng)力和肋板的應(yīng)力。依據(jù)岔管不同部位應(yīng)力是否有自限能力和自限程度的不同,來區(qū)分應(yīng)力的控制要求。比較ASME鍋爐及壓力容器規(guī)范Ⅷ—2對應(yīng)力控制的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對膜應(yīng)力、局部膜應(yīng)力和峰值應(yīng)力的不同限制值,在岔管設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)對局部膜應(yīng)力給予特別的關(guān)注。
 

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