Forword
　　By David Birkbeck (Chief Executive , Design for Homes)
　　序
　　大衛(wèi).伯柯貝克(David Birkbeck)（住宅設(shè)計，首席執(zhí)行官）
　　That’s great. But how much did you say the build cost was?
　　Innovation in UK house building is condemned to be a prototype or demonstration project while new technology is adopted for a single modest scheme. We need volume to drive down the costs of the best new ideas to make them affordable in every context, but where will volume come from?
　　零能耗簡直太棒了！但是這種建筑要花多少錢才能建造呢？
　　當新技術(shù)應(yīng)用于英國住宅的一個單獨的普通設(shè)計項目， 創(chuàng)新只能使其成為試驗品或示范性工程。我們需要通過量上的擴大以降低新的最佳方案的成本，使其在各種情況下都能夠負擔得起。但量將從哪里得來呢？
　　Government's Sustainable Communities Plan anticipates a growth in housing volumes to reduce house price inflation in economic growth areas. It is expected to deliver about 200,000 homes more than first planned for over the coming decade. The plan expects these and previously anticipated developments to minimise the environmental impact in the host areas that would otherwise come from a sharp increase in car journeys, energy and water consumption Over the decade after 2010 that growth is to be maintained so that the number of homes in towns such as Milton Keynes will double.
　　政府的可持續(xù)社區(qū)計劃預期推進住宅總量的增長，目的是為了緩解經(jīng)濟增長地區(qū)的房價飆升。未來十年內(nèi)將比原計劃多交付20萬套住宅。希望通過這個計劃以及原有的開發(fā)方案的實施，能夠?qū)⒔煌�、能源與水消耗急劇增長對當?shù)丨h(huán)境帶來的負面影響降至最低。十年之后，也就是2001年后，如果增長率維持不變，城鎮(zhèn)（比如密爾頓.凱恩斯）的住宅總量將翻番。
　　If just 1000 homes from the anticipated programme of 180,000+ homes a year were to adopt the technologies in BedZED, it would stimulate enough through put for the supply chain to be able to slash the costs of replicating BedZED's specification. The premium would then be as low as 15% above Build Regs minimum. All it needs is a dozen local authorities to help foster a ZED development in their domain and Britain would lead Europe in promoting a society powered by renewable energy.
　　這項推進計劃每年要建造18萬多套住宅。假定從中只選用1000套實施零能耗開發(fā)，就能給供應(yīng)鏈帶來強勁的震撼，引發(fā)更多的生產(chǎn)量，大幅度降低零能耗規(guī)格產(chǎn)品的復制成本�？偣驳念~外成本低于建筑規(guī)范最低標準的15%。而這一切所需要就是，十幾個地方政府部門分別扶植一個本地的零能耗開放商，而英國將在推進可再生能源驅(qū)動的社會方面引導歐洲潮流。
In the interim, this guide unpacks Europe’s benchmark for sustainable development into a catalogue of ideas for a local authority or sustainable developer. It shows how to calculate the value of planning gain needed to level the playing field between standardized house building and the increased costs associated with a ZED scheme. Assuming a local authority appreciates the chance to demonstrate a commitment to sustainability by fostering environmentally sound development and many under Agenda 21 are supposed to be doing just that - the guide details what a standard scheme would have to offer, instead of sustainability to bring its residual land value into line with that afforded by a green scheme.
　　同時，這項把歐洲可持續(xù)發(fā)展的標準以直觀的目錄形式提供給地方政府部門或可持續(xù)開發(fā)商使用。它演示如何計算必須的計劃利潤值，以填補標準化住宅與增加費用后的零能耗方案之間的造價差額。如果地方政府愿意通過扶持環(huán)保開發(fā)的形式向公眾展示在可持續(xù)方面所履行的義務(wù)，并且在21世紀議程指導下推測許多政府正打算這么做，那么這本指南詳盡的說明了普通的住宅方案所需地內(nèi)容來取代可持續(xù)性，以便獲取與綠色方案所帶來的相同剩余土地價值。
　　This publication comes just weeks into the enquiry by the government's sustainable task force into green building practice. The task force could save itself a lot of energy by considering approaches proposed by this guide. This is the first published toolkit for tackling global warming through more intelligent development, and it is free of hot air.
　　本書出版幾周后受到關(guān)注綠色建筑實踐的政府可持續(xù)特別工作組的咨詢。通過本指南所建議的方法，特別工作組自身能夠節(jié)省大量精力。這也是第一部公開出版的，通過更多智能開發(fā)應(yīng)對全球變暖的工具寶典。
　　Common excuses for resisting change
　　Put a planner, a councilor, a developer, a housing association representative, an architect, a contractor, a building component manufacturer and a government officer around the same table, and ask them to discuss if they would adopt Zero fossil Energy Development (ZED) standards for their new-build projects. You might hear some of the following replies:
　　抵制變革的常見托辭
　　假如請規(guī)劃師、議員、開發(fā)商、住宅協(xié)會的代表、建筑師、承包商、建筑部品制造商和政府官員坐在一塊兒，討論他們的新建項目是否采用零能耗開發(fā)標準。你可能會聽到如下答復：
　　1 The developer is likely to say that the increased construction costs of a serious green specification are too expensive when coupled to high land values, particularly in the South East. ln addition, the general public appear to have conservative requirements and do not wish to purchase or rent any kind of innovation that may jeopardize their long term investment.
1、開發(fā)商可能會說，綠色規(guī)范太嚴格，導致施工成本增加，再加上昂貴的土地成本更是不堪重負，特別是英國東南部地區(qū)。另外公眾的需求趨向保守，不愿意購買或租用可能給他們的長期投資帶來風險的任何革新。
　　2 The housing association person might say land costs are high because they are competing with the private sector to buy land and increased construction costs make affordable homes even harder to deliver than they already are.
　　2、住宅協(xié)會的人可能大訴苦水，他們要同私營部分競爭拿地，土地成本已然不菲。施工成本的增加使那些已難以承受房價的家庭更難接受。
　　3 The architect may say the client will not ask for a ZED brief in new projects, so that all he can do is to keep designing to existing industry standards, and anyway no-one will pay for the increased design time that comes with innovation.
　　3、建筑師可能會講，客戶沒有要求新建項目采用零能耗開發(fā)，因此他要做的就是按照現(xiàn)有標準進行設(shè)計，而且沒有人會掏錢彌補變革所額外花費的設(shè)計時間。
　　4 The planner will probably say the aesthetic does not match local context, and cannot recommend approval. He may also feel uncomfortable about defending a ZED planning brief in an appeal scenario, especially if the site is not owned by a local authority.
　　4、規(guī)劃師則可能會不屑一顧地說這種藝術(shù)形式與當?shù)丨h(huán)境的文脈不符，不可能通過審批。如果在方案的獨特吸引力方面加以辯護，他也會感到不高興，特別是如果現(xiàn)場土地不歸地方政府所有。
　　5 The councilor sitting on the local planning sub committee might say that he/she has never heard of sustainable development and that all these green ideas come from central government policies that have no understanding of local issues.
　　5、地方規(guī)劃委員會的議員可能會抱怨，他/她從未聽說過什么持續(xù)性開發(fā)，這些來自中央政府的綠色思想根本就不了解地方狀況。
　　6 The contractor will say he has never done anything like this before, sourcing all the special components looks difficult, so he is going to risk price his tender return in case he loses money on the fixed price contract that the client has insisted on.
　　6、承包商將一臉茫然，他以前從未做過類似的項目，尋購所有特殊的部產(chǎn)品看上去難度很大，倘若客戶堅持固定總價合同，他將承擔賠錢的風險。
　　7 The component manufacturer might respond by pointing out that the company has closely examined the potential for higher standards of environmental performance in its product range, but cannot afford the tooling up costs or research and development unless building regulations require these specifications.
7、部品制造商可能反映強烈，產(chǎn)品是否達到更高標準的性能要求，公司已經(jīng)進行了嚴格測試，除非建筑規(guī)范制定了更高的相關(guān)標準，否則不可能對機床設(shè)備增加投資或者進一步開展產(chǎn)品研發(fā)。
　　8 The government officer will support the idea in principle, but will point out that the strong industry lobby against increased regulation, and the lack of initiative and support for environmental innovation. All this makes it too difficult to rapidly introduce legislation for this level of improved energy efficiency and the integration of renewable energy technologies.
　　8、而政府官員原則上支持零能耗開發(fā)，但是會提到那些實力強大的工業(yè)團體，反對政府調(diào)高標準，并且目前缺少環(huán)境變革的積極性和支持力量。這一切因素使提高節(jié)能標準、整合可再生能源技術(shù)的立法過程極其困難。
　　This book takes away the need for excuses. It does this by explaining the principles behind Zero fossil Energy Development, and by providing a 'ZED Toolkit' comprising the 'tools', methods and example case studies used to build ZEDs. Together, the principles and toolkit should make it just as easy to realise a ZED as any other conventional scheme.
　　本書將把所有托辭一一化解。通過對零能耗開發(fā)原則的解釋，提供零能耗開發(fā)工具寶典及以往零能耗開發(fā)中使用的方法和成功案例。原則和工具寶典結(jié)合在一起使用應(yīng)當使零能耗開發(fā)的操作將如同任何其它常規(guī)方案一樣簡單。